Posts Tagged Spider Veins

We specialize in the treatment of spider and varicose veins

Treating veins is all we do.  No clinic in Knoxville or East Tennessee has more experience or preparation in the treatment of vein disease.  At East Tennessee Vein Clinic, all treatment is performed by a full time board certified phlebologist, a specialist in vein disease.  We believe that the treatment of vein disease merits a physician who dedicates their entire practice to the treatment of vein disease. We believe this combination of training and experience leads to better results of therapy.  The process of treatment consists of two steps:

  1. Consultation is first done before any treatment.  Most insurances cover consultation when there are extensive abnormal veins on the leg with symptoms of leg pain.  If the consultation is entirely for cosmetic appearance without the presence of leg pain the charge is $75 which is later applied to the cost of cosmetic treatment.  If at the time of consultation more extensive problems are found on ultrasound which require remedy and treatment with ultrasound mapping, endovenous laser or ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy, an approval in writing is first obtained by our office from the insurance company showing treatment is covered by insurance and considered medically necessary.
  2. If the spider veins are entirely cosmetic the patient is scheduled for cosmetic sclerotherapy.  The protocol of treatment of entirely cosmetic spider veins consists of taking photographs of the leg, measuring for compression stockings and beginning therapy.  Treatment consists of 30 minute sessions of sclerotherapy by the physician.  In the average patient the worst leg is treated on the first visit.  The next leg is treated one to two weeks later in order to allow the doctor to assess whether any alteration in the concentration of solution used is indicated.  After the first session in each leg there is usually about a 50% clearing in the appearance of spider veins even though all the veins were treated during the session.  This is the “first coat”.  6-8 weeks are allowed before the third and fourth sessions.  After the final session most patients will have had a 75-85% clearing in the appearance of the spider veins which is a significant improvement.  After each session of sclerotherapy the patient is asked to walk while still in the office.  Compression stockings are then worn during the day for the next three weeks which is the optimum time found by controlled studies to aid in the clearing of spider veins.

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Spider veins are progressive

Spider veins are a common condition as well as a progressive condition. That is to say, all the spider veins that a person will develop in their lifetime do not develop at once. More and more veins gradually appear with the passage of time as they are genetically destined to experience valve failure.

Spider veins can appear anywhere on the body including the face, chest, back and arms but are most common on the legs.

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There are three main risk factors for developing spider veins.

The three most common risk factors for spider veins are familial genetic trait, female gender and childbearing. If one parent has spider or varicose veins the children have a 40% likelihood of developing them. If both parents have them the children have an 80% chance of developing abnormal veins. This familial genetic trait is the most significant risk factor. In women, the presence of estrogen relaxes the thin layer of smooth muscle in the walls of veins making women much more susceptible to the appearance of spider veins than men. Changes in the levels of estrogen in the blood is why the symptoms are frequently linked to the female menstrual state, causing more symptoms around her period. Also, women are responsible for child bearing. During pregnancy the mother’s blood volume surges 40% to supply the baby and the placenta. This extra blood is stored for 9 months in the veins and stretches them significantly. The stretching of the veins during pregnancy combined with having the genetic risk for developing spider veins is the reason women frequently note their spider veins really began to develop after giving birth.

Lesser risk factors include taking estrogen in the form of supplements or hormonal birth control. As many women have feared, crossing the legs has indeed been shown to increase the risk of spider veins developing at the knee. Also, spider veins are commonly found at sites of prior trauma (“a baseball hit my leg when I was young”) in patients who already had a genetic predisposition to the condition.

Most spider veins develop from this genetic trait and are on the legs though other common causes include sun damage and the effect of “vasodilators” such as alcohol causing the bright red nose that often was associated with drinking (but was more commonly the result of acne rosacea). Cirrhotic liver disease can impair venous return through the liver and cause both spider veins and varicose veins as well.

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The backward flow in spider veins causes their appearance and pain

The backward flow has two effects. The first and most obvious effect is the backward flow engorges the vein as the blood is not able to empty normally. When this backward flow engorges very tiny fine veins in the skin the result is spider veins. These fine veins were present since we were but only became visible once backward flow engorged the vein.

When this backward flow affects larger and deeper veins the result is large lumpy varicose veins. Both spider veins and varicose veins originate from the same cause-a genetic trait affecting one-way valves in the veins so that they now flow backwards with gravity and engorge the vein. Spider and varicose veins differ only in appearance.

In addition to causing engorgement and the appearance of spider veins, the backward flow has a second effect which is of causing symptoms of pain. The backward flow of the blood in the veins means the blood in these veins is relatively “stagnant” compared to normal veins where the blood continuously moves forward to the heart. The “stagnant” blood inside a vein engorges it, thus raising the venous pressure and an inflammatory response occurs within the vein. The inflammatory vein serves as an irritant to nearby muscles and nerves and causes a variety of symptoms including itching, heaviness, burning, fatigue, aching, swelling and restlessness among others.

Next we will talk about the three main risk factors for developing spider veins…

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The underlying problem in spider veins is backward flow or “reflux”

Spider veins affect a large portion of our nation, particularly females. Spider veins develop because of a genetic trait affecting small one way valves inside of leg veins. These valves normally insure that the blood is only able to move in one direction towards the heart as the compression of the calf and thigh muscles force the blood through them. When these valves begin to fail, characteristically around puberty, the blood inside the veins actually falls back down the veins with gravity when you are upright. The backward flow in the vein is called “reflux”.

Next we will talk about what causes their appearance and pain…

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